Should have a lint for statically detectable overlong bit shifts

[ben0x539]

Currently overlong bit shifts are undefined behavior because that's how llvm rolls--#10183. But even when they aren't, we should warn on something like x << 24 where x happens to be u8, since it's a useless operation that couldn't possibly return anything interesting.

There's a motivating example and I imagine it'd be a common gotcha since other languages tend to read unadorned integral literals as 32bit ints and then promote the x in x << 24 before doing the actual shift.

[hirschenberger]

I think this can be closed, resolved in #18206