add cstdint header to fix missing uint8_t type on ubuntu 24.04

[benjaminum]

Type

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue): Fixes #
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality). Resolves #
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected) Resolves #

Motivation and Context

Checklist:

• I have run python util/check_style.py --apply to apply Open3D code style
  to my code.
• This PR changes Open3D behavior or adds new functionality.
  • Both C++ (Doxygen) and Python (Sphinx / Google style) documentation is
    updated accordingly.
  • I have added or updated C++ and / or Python unit tests OR included test
    results (e.g. screenshots or numbers) here.
• I will follow up and update the code if CI fails.
• For fork PRs, I have selected Allow edits from maintainers.

Description

Add header for building tests on ubuntu 24.04 to fix unknown type uint8_t

[update-docs]

Thanks for submitting this pull request! The maintainers of this repository would appreciate if you could update the CHANGELOG.md based on your changes.

[benjaminum]

CI failures

MacOS (macos-12, OFF)

2024-06-30T15:29:11.1077240Z [  FAILED  ] 1 test, listed below:
2024-06-30T15:29:11.1078950Z [  FAILED  ] Registration/RegistrationPermuteDevices.ICPColored/0, where GetParam() = 8-byte object <00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00>
2

MacOS (macos-14, ON)

Downloading wrapt-1.16.0-cp311-cp311-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl (38 kB)
ERROR: THESE PACKAGES DO NOT MATCH THE HASHES FROM THE REQUIREMENTS FILE. If you have updated the package versions, please update the hashes. Otherwise, examine the package contents carefully; someone may have tampered with them.
    unknown package:
        Expected sha256 5dca8291125c0151bf426a2789689e02c623ce4540432cf66a073d361d3d6870
             Got        3d385596d593dbc7c68e806c2da7d4ddbf9e2dab225306b8578987897af2c7de

Windows (ON, OFF, ON, Debug)

[C:\Open3D\build\cpp\open3d\Open3D.vcxproj] [C:\Open3D\build\examples\cpp\build-examples-iteratively.vcxproj]
2024-06-30T15:29:51.7640672Z   
2024-06-30T15:29:51.7640969Z   
2024-06-30T15:29:51.7641633Z          "C:\Open3D\build\examples\cpp\RealSenseRecorder.vcxproj" (default target) (1) ->
2024-06-30T15:29:51.7642793Z          "C:\Open3D\build\cpp\open3d\Open3D.vcxproj" (default target) (6) ->
2024-06-30T15:29:51.7643708Z          (Link target) -> 
2024-06-30T15:29:51.7645206Z LINK : fatal error LNK1189: library limit of 65535 objects exceeded [C:\Open3D\build\cpp\open3d\Open3D.vcxproj] [C:\Open3D\build\examples\cpp\build-examples-iteratively.vcxproj]
2024-06-30T15:29:51.7646732Z   
2024-06-30T15:29:51.7647052Z       247 Warning(s)
2024-06-30T15:29:51.7647429Z       1 Error(s)
2024-06-30T15:29:51.7647794Z   
2024-06-30T15:29:51.7648123Z   Time Elapsed 00:00:17.21
2024-06-30T15:29:51.7648679Z   
2024-06-30T15:29:51.7649224Z   -- [Iterative example build] deleting: RealSenseRecorder.
2024-06-30T15:29:51.7650275Z   Building Custom Rule D:/a/Open3D/Open3D/examples/cpp/CMakeLists.txt
2024-06-30T15:29:51.7992284Z C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\MSBuild\Microsoft\VC\v160\Microsoft.CppCommon.targets(241,5): error MSB8066: Custom build for 'C:\Open3D\build\CMakeFiles\faca83c178c8d466bb0552f685145818\build-examples-iteratively.rule;D:\a\Open3D\Open3D\examples\cpp\CMakeLists.txt' exited with code -1. [C:\Open3D\build\examples\cpp\build-examples-iteratively.vcxproj]

Windows (ON, OFF, OFF,Release)

[  FAILED  ] 1 test, listed below:
[  FAILED  ] Registration/RegistrationPermuteDevices.ICPColored/0, where GetParam() = 8-byte object <00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00>

ubuntu-sycl (OFF)

??? See [ubuntu-sycl (OFF)](https://github.com/isl-org/Open3D/actions/runs/9732787977/job/26858875740?pr=6847#logs)

Build and run (2-bionic)

ERROR: (gcloud.compute.os-login.ssh-keys.remove) Cannot find requested SSH key.

Build and run (3-ml-shared-bionic)

[  FAILED  ] 4 tests, listed below:
[  FAILED  ] TriangleMesh/TriangleMeshPermuteDevices.ComputeTriangleAreas/2, where GetParam() = 8-byte object <01-00 00-00 01-00 00-00>
[  FAILED  ] TriangleMesh/TriangleMeshPermuteDevices.ComputeTriangleAreas/1, where GetParam() = 8-byte object <01-00 00-00 00-00 00-00>
[  FAILED  ] TriangleMesh/TriangleMeshPermuteDevices.RemoveNonManifoldEdges/1, where GetParam() = 8-byte object <01-00 00-00 00-00 00-00>
[  FAILED  ] TriangleMesh/TriangleMeshPermuteDevices.RemoveNonManifoldEdges/2, where GetParam() = 8-byte object <01-00 00-00 01-00 00-00>
4 FAILED TESTS

Build and run (4-shared-bionic)

[  FAILED  ] 4 tests, listed below:
[  FAILED  ] TriangleMesh/TriangleMeshPermuteDevices.ComputeTriangleAreas/1, where GetParam() = 8-byte object <01-00 00-00 00-00 00-00>
[  FAILED  ] TriangleMesh/TriangleMeshPermuteDevices.RemoveNonManifoldEdges/1, where GetParam() = 8-byte object <01-00 00-00 00-00 00-00>
[  FAILED  ] TriangleMesh/TriangleMeshPermuteDevices.RemoveNonManifoldEdges/2, where GetParam() = 8-byte object <01-00 00-00 01-00 00-00>
[  FAILED  ] TriangleMesh/TriangleMeshPermuteDevices.ComputeTriangleAreas/2, where GetParam() = 8-byte object <01-00 00-00 01-00 00-00>
4 FAILED TESTS

Build and run (5-ml-focal)

ERROR: (gcloud.compute.os-login.ssh-keys.remove) Cannot find requested SSH key.

Test wheel CPU (3.11, false)

 File "/home/runner/work/Open3D/Open3D/open3d_test.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/numpy/__init__.py", line 397, in __getattr__
    raise AttributeError(
AttributeError: `np.string_` was removed in the NumPy 2.0 release. Use `np.bytes_` instead.. Did you mean: 'strings'?

[ssheorey]

Thanks for collecting all the CI errors.

Windows CI errors:

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/error-messages/tool-errors/linker-tools-error-lnk1189?view=msvc-170

We need to split the Open3D library....

Ubuntu CUDA errors:

The new TriangleMesh/TriangleMeshPermuteDevices.ComputeTriangleAreas/ and TriangleMesh/TriangleMeshPermuteDevices.RemoveNonManifoldEdges/1 doesn't work on CUDA. Need to debug and fix.

Test wheel CPU errors:: numpy.strings_ is from tensorboard. Should be fixed on tensorflow / tensorboard update in Python 3.12 PR.